{"title":"History","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"cesarean-section","title":"Cesarean Section: An American History of Risk, Technology, and Consequence","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhy have cesarean sections become so commonplace in the United States?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween 1965 and 1987, the cesarean section rate in the United States rose precipitously—from 4.5 percent to 25 percent of births. By 2009, one in three births was by cesarean, a far higher number than the 5–10% rate that the World Health Organization suggests is optimal. While physicians largely avoided cesareans through the mid-twentieth century, by the early twenty-first century, cesarean section was the most commonly performed surgery in the country. Although the procedure can be lifesaving, how—and why—did it become so ubiquitous?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eCesarean Section\u003c\/i\u003e is the first book to chronicle this history. In exploring the creation of the complex social, cultural, economic, and medical factors leading to the surgery's increase, Jacqueline H. Wolf describes obstetricians' reliance on assorted medical technologies that weakened the skills they had traditionally employed to foster vaginal birth. She also reflects on an unsettling malpractice climate—prompted in part by a raft of dubious diagnoses—that helped to legitimize \"defensive medicine,\" and a health care system that ensured cesarean birth would be more lucrative than vaginal birth. In exaggerating the risks of vaginal birth, doctors and patients alike came to view cesareans as normal and, increasingly, as essential. Sweeping change in women's lives beginning in the 1970s cemented this markedly different approach to childbirth. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWolf examines the public health effects of a high cesarean rate and explains how the language of reproductive choice has been used to discourage debate about cesareans and the risks associated with the surgery. Drawing on data from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century obstetric logs to better represent the experience of cesarean surgery for women of all classes and races, as well as interviews with obstetricians who have performed cesareans and women who have given birth by cesarean, \u003ci\u003eCesarean Section\u003c\/i\u003e is the definitive history of the use of this surgical procedure and its effects on women's and children's health in the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"None","offers":[{"title":"Paperback (2020)","offer_id":46153859301553,"sku":"9781421438115","price":36.95,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Paperback (2003)","offer_id":46153859334321,"sku":"9780801873379","price":32.95,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":46153859367089,"sku":"9781421425528","price":68.95,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Kobo eBook (2004)","offer_id":46153859399857,"sku":"3dfc5f6f-99a8-34a8-8868-ef6cc7ed5bab","price":27.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Kobo eBook (2018)","offer_id":46153859432625,"sku":"94043a74-ec9c-3b00-a0c5-c30f97289aa2","price":30.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/8980\/5233\/files\/1_eb6fe962-e627-4367-a689-dc6c112e1c28.jpg?v=1763680116"},{"product_id":"wound-man","title":"Wound Man: The Many Lives of a Surgical Image","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA spectacularly illustrated history of an enigmatic surgical diagram\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Wound Man—a medical diagram depicting a figure fantastically pierced by weapons and ravaged by injuries and diseases—was reproduced widely across the medieval and early modern globe. In this panoramic book, Jack Hartnell charts the emergence and endurance of this striking image, used as a visual guide to the treatment of many ailments. Taking readers on a remarkable journey from medieval Europe to eighteenth-century Japan, Hartnell explains the historic popularity of this gruesome image and why the Wound Man continues to intrigue us today.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrawing on a wealth of original research, Hartnell traces the many lives of the Wound Man, from its origins in late medieval Bohemia to its vivid reincarnations in hundreds of manuscripts and printed books over more than three hundred years. Transporting readers beyond the specifics of bodily injury, Hartnell demonstrates how the Wound Man’s body was at once an encyclopedic repository of surgical knowledge, a fantastic literary and religious muse, a catalyst for shifting media landscapes, and a cross-cultural artistic feat that reached diverse audiences around the world. The Wound Man, we discover, held profound importance not only for healers and patients but also for scribes, students, nuns, monks, printmakers, and poets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarvelously illustrated, \u003ci\u003eWound Man\u003c\/i\u003e sheds light on the entwined histories of art and medicine, showing how premodern medical diagrams represent a unique site of contact between sickness, cure, painting, and print.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"None","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":46154072916145,"sku":"9780691243481","price":54.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Kobo eBook","offer_id":46154072948913,"sku":"40bcaae2-38f2-3797-ae87-cc0214c93ee3","price":43.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/8980\/5233\/files\/1_1e032219-d572-4aa3-8779-c47f56f65586.jpg?v=1757124196"},{"product_id":"the-pku-paradox","title":"The PKU Paradox: A Short History of a Genetic Disease","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNamed one of the \"Ten must-read science histories\" by\u003ci\u003e Science Magazine\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a lifetime of practice, most physicians will never encounter a single case of PKU. Yet every physician in the industrialized world learns about the disease in medical school and, since the early 1960s, the newborn heel stick test for PKU has been mandatory in many countries. Diane B. Paul and Jeffrey P. Brosco’s beautifully written book explains this paradox.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePKU (phenylketonuria) is a genetic disorder that causes severe cognitive impairment if it is not detected and treated with a strict and difficult diet. Programs to detect PKU and start treatment early are deservedly considered a public health success story. Some have traded on this success to urge expanded newborn screening, defend basic research in genetics, and confront proponents of genetic determinism. In this context, treatment for PKU is typically represented as a simple matter of adhering to a low-phenylalanine diet. In reality, the challenges of living with PKU are daunting.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this first general history of PKU, a historian and a pediatrician explore how a rare genetic disease became the object of an unprecedented system for routine testing. \u003ci\u003eThe PKU Paradox\u003c\/i\u003e is informed by interviews with scientists, clinicians, policymakers, and individuals who live with the disease. 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Rarely, however, had there been a plant that so thoroughly frustrated Europeans' efforts to acquire it and to master its special botanical and chemical properties. Here Clifford Foust presents the remarkable efforts of the explorers, traders, botanists, gardeners, physicians, and pharmacists who tried to adapt rhubarb for convenient use in Europe. His is an intriguing tale of how humans and their institutions have been affected by natural realities they do not entirely comprehend. Readers interested in the history of medicine, pharmaceutics, botany, or horticulture will be fascinated by this once-perplexing plant: highly valued by physicians for its cathartic properties, rhubarb resisted revealing its active chemical principles, had many widely varying species, and did not breed true by seed. This history includes sections on the geographic and economic importance of rhubarb--which explain how the plant became a major state monopoly for Russia and an important commodity for the East India companies--and a discussion of rhubarb's emergence as an international culinary craze during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally published in 1992.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ePrinceton Legacy Library\u003c\/b\u003e uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. 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Global-health campaigns have relied on the application of biomedical technologies—vaccines, insecticide-treated nets, vitamin A capsules—to attack specific health problems but have failed to invest in building lasting infrastructure for managing the ongoing health problems of local populations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDesigned to be read and taught, the book offers a critical historical view, providing historians, policy makers, researchers, program managers, and students with an essential new perspective on the formation and implementation of global-health policies and practices.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"None","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":46155094556849,"sku":"9781421420332","price":53.95,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":46155094589617,"sku":"9781421420325","price":87.95,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Kobo eBook","offer_id":46155094622385,"sku":"86af2446-0929-3ef7-9ea0-586308effcbe","price":45.09,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/8980\/5233\/files\/1_7f46aa68-a95b-4780-9904-c52d801a91f8.jpg?v=1763714739"},{"product_id":"the-inevitable-hour","title":"The Inevitable Hour: A History of Caring for Dying Patients in America","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in health care have dramatically altered the experience of dying in America.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the turn of the twentieth century, medicine’s imperative to cure disease increasingly took priority over the demand to relieve pain and suffering at the end of life. Filled with heartbreaking stories, The Inevitable Hour demonstrates that professional attention and resources gradually were diverted from dying patients. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmily K. Abel challenges three myths about health care and dying in America. First, that medicine has always sought authority over death and dying; second, that medicine superseded the role of families and spirituality at the end of life; and finally, that only with the advent of the high-tech hospital did an institutional death become dehumanized. Abel shows that hospitals resisted accepting dying patients and often worked hard to move them elsewhere. Poor, terminally ill patients, for example, were shipped from Bellevue Hospital in open boats across the East River to Blackwell’s Island, where they died in hovels, mostly without medical care. 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Well into the twentieth century these groups warred over the origins of our capacity to perceive space, over the retinal mechanisms that mediate color sensations, and over the role of mind, experience, and inference in vision. Here R. Steven Turner explores the impassioned exchanges of those rival schools, both to illuminate the clash of theory and to explore the larger role of controversy in the development of science. Controversy, he suggests, is constitutive of scientific change, and he uses the Helmholtz-Hering dispute to illustrate how polemics and tacit negotiation shape evolving theoretical stances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTurner focuses on the arguments and issues of the dispute, issues that ranged from the interpretation of color blindness and optical illusions to the therapeutic practices of clinical ophthalmology. 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Finally, she explains the varied physical experiences, both negative and positive, of numerous artificial heart recipients. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMcKellar argues that desirability—rather than the feasibility or practicality of artificial hearts—drove the invention of the device. Technical challenges and unsettling clinical experiences produced an ambivalence toward its continued development by many researchers, clinicians, politicians, bioethicists, and the public. But the potential and promise of the artificial heart offset this ambivalence, influencing how success was characterized and by whom. Packed with larger-than-life characters—from dedicated and ardent scientists to feuding Texas surgeons and brave patients—this book is a fascinating case study that speaks to questions of expectations, limitations, and uncertainty in a high-technology medical world.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"None","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":46154775560369,"sku":"9781421423555","price":75.95,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Kobo eBook","offer_id":46154775593137,"sku":"584dbf32-15ea-35a0-9756-a25358439188","price":63.79,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/8980\/5233\/files\/1_d697760e-32d1-46c2-809f-010e3a428f5a.jpg?v=1764401718"},{"product_id":"quackery","title":"Quackery: A Brief History Of The Worst Ways To Cure Everything","description":"\u003cdiv\u003eWhat \u003ci\u003ewon’t \u003c\/i\u003ewe try in our quest for perfect health, beauty, and the fountain of youth?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Well, just imagine a time when doctors prescribed morphine for crying infants. 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As a physician, he greeted two different types of medical innovation in his lifetime with equal enthusiasm: improved access to the Hippocratic corpus and Vesalian anatomy. Cardano presented himself as a practitioner with special gifts. Yet his medical learning remained rooted in the Galenic tradition that he often criticized. Meanwhile, he negotiated a career in a medical community characterized by personal and social rivalries, a competitive medical marketplace, and strong institutional and religious pressures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally published in 1997.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ePrinceton Legacy Library\u003c\/b\u003e uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. 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