Following Mao Zedong’s Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957–58, Chinese intellectuals were subjected to “re-education” by the state. In Banished to the Great Northern Wilderness, Ning Wang draws on labour farm archives, interviews, and memoirs to provide a remarkable look at the suffering and complex psychological world of banished Beijing intellectuals. Wang’s use of these newly uncovered Chinese-language sources challenges the concept of the intellectual as renegade martyr – showing how exiles often declared allegiance to the state for self-preservation. While Mao’s campaign victimized the banished, many of those same people also turned against their comrades. Wang describes the ways in which the state sought to remould the intellectuals, and he illuminates the strategies the exiles used to deal with camp officials and improve their chances of survival.