{"product_id":"wendish-crusade-1147","title":"The Wendish Crusade, 1147: The Development of Crusading Ideology in the Twelfth Century","description":"The Wendish Crusade of 1147, one of the Northern Crusades and a part of the Second Crusade, took place at a critical phase in the evolution of crusading rhetoric. The initiators and apologists of the campaign employed rhetorical devices to justify the occupation of a region and conversion of a population under the auspices of a crusade. A detailed examination of the primary sources shows that the justification of a crusade against apostates was not only a German endeavour, or the pope's will, but a political reality of the twelfth century. Therefore, the attitude of the papacy is shown to be reactive rather than proactive.","brand":"None","offers":[{"title":"Paperback","offer_id":46230151463122,"sku":"9781032177465","price":48.95,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Kobo eBook","offer_id":46230151495890,"sku":"fe8f69f3-7d80-3a02-9abf-01901853c351","price":44.77,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/8980\/5233\/files\/1_af3c0298-4140-403f-9a2c-fde61bd4a690.jpg?v=1763048782","url":"https:\/\/www.indigo.ca\/products\/wendish-crusade-1147","provider":"Indigo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}