This volume contains contributions from the international and interdisciplinary scientific conference "Ethics and the Law in Medicine – in Research and Healthcare", which took place at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. The contributions to these proceedings encompass a broad spectrum of current medico-ethical questions that arise in particular disciplines. Compared to monographic works, interdisciplinary anthologies have the advantage of bringing together scientists from different disciplines into conversation on controversial issues from different scientific perspectives. The aim is an interdisciplinary discussion on challenging questions in medicine – conducted from different viewpoints. The volume's contributions also highlight differences in the analysis and assessment of medico-ethical dilemmas due to socio-cultural differences.