Albert Ellis is a clinical psychologist and a marriage counselor. Ellis originated the rational-emotive therapy movement, which ignores Freudian theories and advocates the belief that emotions come from conscious thought "as well as internalized ide-as of which the individual may be unaware." At first, Ellis's books on marital romance and sexuality were criticized by some as being radical and sensational; however, few realized that Ellis was merely laying the groundwork for modern sex education. Ellis was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and was educated at the City College of New York and at Columbia University, where he received a Ph.D. in psychology in 1943. He taught for a number of years at Rutgers University, New Jersey, and the Union Graduate School. Presently, he is executive director of the Institute for Rational Living, Inc., in New York City.