The recent history of Northern Ireland inspired a small but significant body of scholarship in the field of post-conflict peace and reconciliation; Holland adds considerably to this scholarship. Theoretically rich and empirically grounded, this work looks to where the peace process has failed, 25 years after the peace agreement. Though the middle classes (particularly Catholics) and the globally oriented elites saw improvements and a reduction in their ethnonationalist orientation, residents of impoverished, working-class neighborhoods were left behind, resulting in their continued ethnonationalist identification. In fact, the very processes built around reconciliation—and how they were implemented over time—created this double dynamic of decreased "horizontal" and increased "vertical" cleavages. Well connected to post-conflict scholarship and methodologically interpretivist and constructivist, this work is an important contribution to existing scholarship. Recommended for advanced undergraduates through faculty and professionals.