Social stigma is a phenomenon in which an individual is labeled and discriminated against based on their real or perceived social characteristics. These characteristics can include race, religion, gender, disability, mental illness, physical appearance, or any other trait that is seen as socially unacceptable. The effects of social stigma can include feelings of shame, isolation, and exclusion, as well as decreased access to resources, services, and social opportunities. Social stigma can also lead to discrimination, bullying, and violence.