Soil fertility is the capability of soil to supply essential plant nutrients. Soil fertility has a direct impact on crop yield. Some of the aspects which affect soil fertility are soil depth, internal drainage, soil pH, presence of microorganisms, etc. Fertilizers are either natural or synthetic substances which are added to soil to enhance its fertility. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to soil fertility and fertilizers. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.