This book systematically unravels and analyzes the transformation and development of China’s economic thought under the influence of Marxist economics from 1949 to 2019, within the framework of mainstream economics and shows how the mainstream perspective on major theoretical issues and its research paradigms have diverged in history. While analyzing the mainstream economic perspective, the book also objectively introduces foreign economic theories (mainly those of the former Soviet Union economy and the Western economy) and studies their impact on China’s economic paradigm.