Ranging over 2,500 years of philosophical writing, this five-volume collection of essays is an unrivalled companion to the study and reading of philosophy. Central Works of Philosophy provides both an overview of particular works and clear and authoritative expositions of their central ideas, giving readers the resources and confidence to read the works themselves. These books offer remarkable insights into the ideas out of which our present ways of thinking emerged and without which they cannot fully be understood. VOLUME 4 offers readers a clearer understanding of 1900-60, the period during which there were significant changes in logical and linguistic analysis. Included are the Cambridge philosophers, Moore, Russell, and Wittgenstein, as well as Carnap, Ayer, James, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Ryle, and Popper. Contributors include Robert Arrington, Pascal Engel, Hans-Johann Glock, Barry Gower, Charles Guignon, Rom Harré, Christopher Hookway, Eric Matthews, William R. Schroeder, Jeremy Shearmur, David Smith, Philip Stratton-Lake, and Thomas Uebel.