Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto. His books include Absent Mandate: Canadian Electoral Politics in an Era of Restructuring (3rd. ed. 1996); Political Choice in Canada (1980); ; and How Voters Change: The 1987 British Election Campaign in Perspective (1990). He has held visiting fellowships at the University of Essex, Florida State University, and the University of Amsterdam

Professor of Political Science at the University of Rochester. He is coauthor or coeditor of Vital Statistics in American Politics (5th ed., 1995); Controversies in Voting Behavior (3rd ed., 1993); Classics in Voting Behavior (1993); and Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality (1992). He has written on voting behavior, political socialization, and legislative districting. He has held visiting positions at the University of Lund, the University of Iowa, and in Japan.

Teaches at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and is Associate Director (Research) of the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy. Her books include Electoral Change Since 1945 (1996); Women, Politics and Media (1996); Women and Politics in Britain (1996); Political Representation: Gender, Class and Race in the British Parliament (1995); Different Roles, Different Voices (1994); Gender and Party Politics (Sage 1993); British Elections and Parties Yearbook (1991-1994); British By-elections: The Volatile Electorate (1990); and Politics and Sexual Equality: The Comparative Position of Women in Western Democracies (1987). She edits the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics. She has taught at Edinburgh University, with visiting positions at the University of California, Berkeley, and Columbia University.