Renal replacement therapy refers to the therapy concerned with the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys. It is a treatment method for cases of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and cases where the kidneys are no longer able to function properly. Renal replacement therapy includes kidney treatment methods like, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration and kidney transplantation. Processes like, hemodialysis, hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration can be both continuous and intermittent. They can use a venovenous route or an arteriovenous route. In hemofiltration, the patient’s blood passes through a set of tubing with the help of a machine to a semipermeable membrane, in which the waste products and water get removed by convection. The various advancements in renal replacement therapy are glanced at in this book and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and the applications of renal replacement therapy. Students, doctors, experts and all associated with nephrology will benefit alike from this book.