A foundation refers to the part of the structure that bears the load of the superstructure (structure above the plinth level) and also transfers the load from the structure to the ground/soil. Foundation engineering is a branch of civil engineering involved in the study and design of structures below the plinth level. It deals with the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics in the design of foundation elements of structures. The design and construction of a foundation must have the power to sustain and transmit the dead and imposed loads to the soil. Foundations can be classified into four types including shallow foundations, deep foundations, monopile foundations, and individual footings. A foundation that is constructed where the hard strata are extremely near the ground surface rather than deep down the sub-layers of the ground, or the quality of the topsoil is sufficient for bearing is termed as shallow foundation. Continuous wall footings and pad or mat footings are common types of shallow foundations. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of foundation engineering. It will serve a valuable source of reference for students interested in this branch of civil engineering.