Exploring the visual record of the Muscovite tsardom, this book demonstrates that, in imperial settings, images actually do things. Richly illustrated with 120 arresting, little-known images, it considers how those images functioned as active agents for and against empire.Images and the Making of the Russian Empiremoves out from the throne room of the Kremlin to engravers' workshops of Chernihiv and Kyiv, to the Amur River basin, to the icy peaks of Kamchatka, wherever imagery and empire intersected - which was everywhere. The book presents an unexpected array of pictorial material, including Muscovite illuminated histories, Ukrainian political-theological prints, and Siberian reindeer herders' pictographic signature marks. Valerie A. Kivelson demonstrates how pictures created by conquerors and conquered, by elites and subjects, by the powerful and the disempowered, advanced and shaped the tsardom as it grew into an ethnically and religiously diverse empire, in ways that have remained unnoticed until now. Through its novel visual methodology, it offers original perspectives on both Moscow's ambitions and the ways in which populations coming under tsarist control pushed back and reshaped the regime's own understanding of what it meant to be an imperial state.