Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, typically due to increased pressure within the eye. This damage can lead to gradual vision loss and, if untreated, eventual blindness. Often called the "silent thief of sight" glaucoma initially causes no symptoms and progresses slowly. There are several types of glaucoma, with primary open-angle glaucoma being the most common. Risk factors include age, family history, and certain medical conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment to prevent irreversible vision loss. Treatment options include eye drops, oral medications, laser surgery, or conventional surgery, depending on the type and severity of glaucoma. Managing glaucoma involves lifelong monitoring to preserve vision and maintain quality of life. Ophthalmology as a field of science has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of glaucoma. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.