This book challenges narratives of one-directional cultural flows from Europe to the Americas. The essays’ varied topics and methods map a richly innovative Spanish-American imaginary emerging through multidirectional transatlantic and Pan-American axes of influence in Modernist to contemporary poetry and art. Migration, friendship, and little magazines open new horizons to renegotiate colonial hierarchies. Intercultural dialogue renders languages and literary/artistic traditions novel sounding boards, inspiring Chicano and Latinx consciousness, reinventions of gender and sexuality, and formal and linguistic experimentation. The diverse sites of intercultural dialogue include García Lorca’s poetry, the Spanish Civil War, avant-garde circles, and intercultural and literary translation.