This book examines the critical intersection of human rights and ocean heritage, encompassing the protection of underwater cultural heritage, the preservation of intangible cultural traditions tied to the sea, and the rights of island communities to self-determination. It highlights the role of navigation practices, maritime knowledge, and cultural identities in sustaining ocean heritage, advocating for equitable frameworks that balance ecological preservation with the cultural and economic needs of those most connected to the oceans. The author combines human rights, cultural heritage, and oceanic studies to address the complex relationship between people and the sea from multiple perspectives. Integrating cultural, ethical, and political dimensions, the author focuses on underrepresented voices and issues, highlighting the challenges faced by island and coastal communities, including their intangible maritime traditions, navigation practices, and struggles for self-determination. This book also explores the role of underwater cultural heritage in global identity, an under-researched and under-represented topic to date.